PROBABILISTIC FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS IN PRECOGNITIVE MAINTENANCE FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Wheat Rhizosphere Metagenome Reveals Newfound Potential Soil Zn-Mobilizing Bacteria Contributing to Cultivars’ Variation in Grain Zn Concentration

An effective solution to global human zinc (Zn) deficiency is Zn biofortification of staple food crops, which has been hindered by the low available Zn in calcareous soils worldwide. Many culturable soil microbes have been reported to increase Zn availability in the laboratory, while the status of these microbes in fields and whether there are unculturable Zn-mobilizing microbes remain unexplored. Here, we use the culture-independent metagenomic sequencing to investigate the rhizosphere microbiome of three high-Zn (HZn) and three low-Zn (LZn) wheat cultivars in a field experiment with calcareous soils. The average grain Zn concentration of HZn was higher than the Zn biofortification target 40 mg kg–1, while that of LZn was lower than 40 mg kg–1. Metagenomic sequencing and analysis showed large microbiome difference between wheat rhizosphere and bulk soil but small difference between HZn and LZn. Most of the rhizosphere-enriched microbes in HZn and LZn were in common, including many of the previously reported soil Zn-mobilizing microbes. Notably, 30 of the 32 rhizosphere-enriched species exhibiting different abundances between HZn and LZn possess the functional genes involved in soil Zn mobilization, especially the synthesis and exudation of organic acids and siderophores. Most of the abundant potential Zn-mobilizing species were positively correlated with grain Zn concentration and formed a module with strong interspecies relations in the co-occurrence network of abundant rhizosphere-enriched microbes. The potential Zn-mobilizing species, especially Massilia and Pseudomonas, may contribute to the cultivars’ variation in grain Zn concentration, and they deserve further investigation in future studies on Zn biofortification

Apolygus lucorum genome provides insights into omnivorousness and mesophyll feeding.

peer reviewedApolygus lucorum (Miridae) is an omnivorous pest that occurs worldwide and is notorious for the serious damage it causes to various crops and substantial economic losses. Although some studies have examined the biological characteristics of the mirid bug, no reference genome is available in Miridae, limiting in-depth studies of this pest. Here, we present a chromosome-scale reference genome of A. lucorum, the first sequenced Miridae species. The assembled genome size was 1.02 Gb with a contig N50 of 785 kb. With Hi-C scaffolding, 1,016 Mb contig sequences were clustered, ordered and assembled into 17 large scaffolds with scaffold N50 length 68 Mb, each corresponding to a natural chromosome. Numerous transposable elements occur in this genome and contribute to the large genome size. Expansions of genes associated with omnivorousness and mesophyll feeding such as those related to digestion, chemosensory perception, and detoxification were observed in A. lucorum, suggesting that gene expansion contributed to its strong environmental adaptability and severe harm to crops. We clarified that a salivary enzyme polygalacturonase is unique in mirid bugs and has significantly expanded in A. lucorum, which may contribute to leaf damage from this pest. The reference genome of A. lucorum not only facilitates biological studies of Hemiptera as well as an understanding of the damage mechanism of mesophyll feeding, but also provides a basis on which to develop efficient control technologies for mirid bugs

Assessment Method Based on AIS Data Combining the Velocity Obstacle Method and Pareto Selection for the Collision Risk of Inland Ships

A ship collision risk assessment model is an essential part of ship safety navigation. At present, the open water collision risk assessment model (such as the closest point of approach) is applied, but a ship collision risk model suitable for inland rivers is still in the exploration stage. Compared with open waters, the inland waterway has a larger density of ships, and the land and water environments are complex. The existing risk assessment models lack adaptability under the conditions of inland navigation. Therefore, this paper proposes a real-time collision risk assessment method for ships navigating inland rivers. This method utilizes the information of ships’ size in the automatic identification system (AIS) to construct the velocity obstacle cone between convex polygonal targets using the velocity obstacle method. Then, according to the geometric relationship between the relative velocity of two targets and the velocity obstacle cone, a new collision risk assessment model is defined. This model defines two indicators to evaluate the navigation collision risk: the degree of velocity obstacle intrusion (DVOI) and time of velocity obstacle intrusion (TVOI). These two indicators assess the risk of collision, respectively, from two aspects speed and course. In addition, a method using a trajectory compression algorithm to screen collision avoidance operation points in ship AIS trajectory is proposed to screen collision avoidance scenarios in the Yangtze River waterway. The effectiveness of the proposed collision risk model is verified in course-keeping and collision avoidance scenarios and compared with the traditional closest point of approach (CPA) method. The results indicate that the evaluation model for collision risk assessment is more accurate than the CPA method in all scenarios. Finally, this paper uses the Pareto selection algorithm to combine DVOI and TVOI, which can identify the ship that poses the greatest risk to our ship

Data on horizontally transferred genes in California two-spot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a mechanism that shares genetic material between the host and donor from separated offspring branches, has been described as a means of producing novel and beneficial phenotypes for the host organisms. In the present study, 12 HGT genes were identified from California two-spot octopus Octopus bimaculoides based on a similarity search, phylogenetic construction, gene composition analysis and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) validation. The data collected from the HGT genes from octopus, indicating the phylogenetic incongruences, CodonW analysis, PCR products, detailed motifs and organisms used in screening. In phylogenetic screening, those genes were nested within bacteria homologs and identified as HGT genes transferred from the bacteria to the octopus. The motifs were similar in proteins of the horizontally acquired Zn-metalloproteinases, but differed to endogenous proteins. CodonW was employed to investigate the codon usage bias between HGT genes and other genes in the octopus genome. In PCR validation, all the HGT genes could be produced as amplified fragments. The results collectively indicated the existence of HGT in molluscs and its potential l contribution to the evolution of octopus with regards to functional innovation and adaptability

Research Advances of Porous Polyimide—Based Composites with Low Dielectric Constant

With the burgeoning of the microelectronics industry, in order to improve the transmission speed between chips in large-scale integrated circuits to meet the demands of high integration, it is necessary for interlayer insulation materials to possess a lower dielectric constant (k). Polyimide (PI) has been widely used as interlayer insulation materials for large-scale integrated circuits, and the exploration on reducing their dielectric constant has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In this work, porous PI-based composites with a low dielectric constant are mainly reviewed. The application of porous SiO2, graphene derivatives, polyoxometalates, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and hyperbranched polysiloxane in reducing the dielectric constant of PI is emphatically introduced. The key technical problems and challenges in the current research of porous polyimide materials are summarized, and the development prospect of low k polyimide is also expounded

Recent progress and perspective of multifunctional integrated zinc-ion supercapacitors

Zinc-ion supercapacitors (ZISCs) are recognized as one of the most promising types of energy storage devices with the advantages of high theoretical capacity and safety, nontoxicity, low cost, abundant resources (~300 times higher than lithium), and lightweight. So far, multifunctional integrated ZISCs have greatly broadened their application scenarios. In addition to enhancing the electrochemical performance via the design of advanced electrodes and electrolytes, the complex application scenarios and in-depth development of energy storage devices have resulted in higher requirements for ZISCs with multifunctional integrated applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no relevant review about summarizing advanced multifunctional ZISCs. In this review, various advanced multifunctional ZISCs, including micro, self-powered integrated, antifreezing, and stretchable ZISCs, are comprehensively presented to fully understand the advanced evolution of multifunctional ZISCs. The working principles and challenges of ZISCs are analyzed and the future development directions and expectations of advanced multifunctional ZISCs are discussed. This review provides significant guidance for the multifunctional development of ZISCs for future studies